CITATIONS

¹ “The 2015 Annual Homeless Assessment Report (AHAR) to Congress,” The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, October 2016.

² “Homeless Emergency Assistance and Rapid Transition to Housing: Defining ‘Homeless,’” Federal Register, Vol. 76., No. 233., Dec 5, 2011.

³ “What is the official definition of homelessness?” National Health Care for the Homeless Council, accessed Jan 9, 2017.

⁴ “The History of Homelessness in America, 1640-Present,” Streetwise USA, Jul 7, 2010.

⁵ Carlson, Steve. “A History of Homelessness in America,” Spectrum Community Mental Health, Minneapolis MN, accessed Jan 9, 2017.

⁶ “Our History,” the Bowery Mission, accessed Jan 9, 2017.

⁷ “American History of Homelessness,” The National Policy and Advocacy Council on Homelessness, accessed Jan 9, 2017.

⁸ Susser, I. “The Construction Of Poverty And Homelessness In Us Cities.” Annual Review of Anthropology 25.1 (1996): 411-35.

⁹ “The Callahan Legacy,” Coalition for the Homeless, accessed Jan 9, 2017.

¹⁰ “Homelessness: A Brief History,” National Alliance to End Homelessness, Jul 1, 2009.

¹¹ “Housing First,” United States Interagency Council on Homelessness, Jun 10, 2016.

¹² “Utah Reduced Chronic Homelessness by 91 Percent; Here’s How,” NPR, Dec 10, 2015.

IMAGE SOURCES

Addiction Services: “Substance Abuse Treatment,” Bowery Residents’ Committee, Accessed Jan 17, 2017, http://www.brc.org/substance-abuse-treatment

Better Data Connection: “Houston Homeless Count: Volunteers Use Tech to Connect People With Housing,” Houston Public Media, Accessed Jan 18, 2017. https://www.houstonpublicmedia.org/articles/news/2016/02/03/136489/houston-homeless-count-volunteers-use-tech-to-connect-people-with-housing/

Chronic Problem: “Orion: Justice for the Underserved, Underprivileged, and Impoverished,”  Epic Advocacy, Accessed Jan 18, 2017.  http://epicadvocacy.online/

Clothing Supply: “Chance the Rapper Is Helping Bring 1,000 Coats to Chicago’s Homeless Population,” Mic Network Inc., Published Dec 21, 2015. https://mic.com/articles/130930/chance-the-rapper-is-helping-bring-1000-coats-to-chicagos-homeless#.hVEPA6TeE

Finding Jobs:  “Ready, Willing, and Able Program,” The Doe Fund, Accessed Jan 18, 2017. https://www.doe.org/programs/ready-willing-able

Flexible Housing Types:  “Expandable Home is a Low-Cost Solution to Social Housing Shortage,” Eco Building Pulse, Published Oct 20, 2015.  http://www.ecobuildingpulse.com/projects/expandable-home-is-a-low-cost-solution-to-social-housing-shortage_c

Focus On Veterans:  “Cities Across US Slash Homelessness for Veterans,” Boston Globe, Published March 14, 2016. http://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2016/03/13/cities-slash-homelessness-for-veterans/ImWmD8Oy7iH94ZFvg1Zf5O/story.html

Food Provisions:  “Food Truck Serves Burritos to Los Angeles Homeless,” Huffington Post, Published Oct 14, 2016. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/share-a-meal-food-truck-free-burritos-homeless-los-angeles_us_57ffb603e4b05eff55821f3b

Fundraising:  “Power of Change Donation Stations,” City of St. Petersburgh, Accessed Jan 18, 2017. http://www.stpete.org/community/homelessness/power_of_change_donation_stations.php

Great Depression:  “Chicago: 20^th and 21^st Centuries,” Wikipedia, Accessed Jan 18, 2017.  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago#20th_and_21st_centuries

Health Services:  “Boston Healthcare for the Homeless Program,” Massachusetts General Hospital, Accessed Jan 19, 2017.  http://www.massgeneral.org/cchi/services/treatmentprograms.aspx?id=1473

Hiring the Homeless: “Albuquerque, Revising Approach Toward the Homeless, Offers Them Jobs,” New York Times, Published Dec 08, 2015.  https://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/08/us/albuquerque-revising-approach-toward-the-homeless-offers-them-jobs.html?_r=0

Housing Crisis Help: “London’s Housing Crisis: Charities Using Night Buses as Homeless Shelters,” Business Insider, Published Sep 24, 2015. http://www.businessinsider.com/londons-housing-crisis-charities-using-night-buses-as-homeless-shelters-2015-9

Housing First: “Utah Reduced Chronic Homelessness By 91 Percent; Here’s How,” NPR, Published Dec 10, 2015.  http://www.npr.org/2015/12/10/459100751/utah-reduced-chronic-homelessness-by-91-percent-heres-how

Job Training:  “Code Tenderloin Connects Formerly Homeless With Tech Jobs,” Next City, Published April 21, 2016.  https://nextcity.org/daily/entry/code-tenderloin-connect-homeless-tech-jobs

Life Skills:  “Ready, Willing, and Able Program,” The Doe Fund, Accessed Jan 18, 2017. https://www.doe.org/programs/ready-willing-able

Media Blitz: “Homelessness In New York City Poster Series,” DesignBoom, Published Nov 02, 2105.  http://www.designboom.com/design/homelessness-new-york-city-poster-series-vitor-de-carvalho-11-02-2015/

Mental Health: “Motivational Interviewing: Drawing Out the Homeless,” Elements Behavioral Health, Accessed Jan 19, 2017.  https://www.elementsbehavioralhealth.com/mental-health/motivational-interviewing-drawing-out-the-homeless/

Pop Up Care:  “Man with a Mirror,” Mashable.com, Published June 01, 2016.  http://mashable.com/2016/06/01/josh-coombes-dosomethingfornothing/#RuUijmhzZkqL

Post-Civil War:  “Medical Advances – George Wunderlich,” CivilWarScholars.com, Published October 12, 2011.  http://civilwarscholars.com/2011/10/medical-advances-george-wunderlich/

Pre-Civil War: “Railroads in the Civil War,” American Rails, Accessed Jan 18, 2017.  http://www.american-rails.com/railroads-in-the-civil-war.html

Shelter Redesign: “Homes for the Homeless,” Modlar, Accessed Jan 19, 2017. https://www.modlar.com/inspiration/homes-for-the-homeless/

Shelters:  “Y2Y Shelter Design,” Studio G Architects, Accessed Jan 18, 2017.  http://studiogarchitects.com/portfolio/gather/st-marks-area-main-streets

Space for Creativity:  “ArtLifting Sells Homeless’ Artwork for Their Profit,” ArtLifting, Accessed Jan 18, 2017. http://www.artlifting.com/

Staff Training: “Diversion Training with Ed Boyte,” Connecticut Coalition to End Homelessness, Published Feb 26, 2016. http://cceh.org/diversion-training-with-ed-boyte/

State of Emergency:  “Mayor, County Exec Declare ‘State of Emergency’ Over Homelessness,” Seattle Times, Published Nov 2, 2015. http://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/politics/mayor-county-exec-declare-state-of-emergency-over-homelessness/

Tent Cities:  “Should Seattle Be Building Tent Cities for the Homeless?,” Next City, Published July 11, 2016.  https://nextcity.org/features/view/tent-cities-seattle-housing-first-transitional-shelter

Tiny Homes:  “A Big-Hearted Man and His Calling to Build Tiny Houses for Oakland’s Homeless,” NationSwell, Published May 05, 2015.  http://nationswell.com/gregory-kloehn-homes-on-wheels-for-homeless/

Transitional Housing:   “Friendship House: Transitional Housing,” Friendship House, Accessed Jan 19, 2017. http://friendship-house.org/wordpress/delaware-homeless/our-programs/transitional-housing/

Urban Agriculture: “How Food Helps Homeless People Get Back on Their Feet,” Civil Eats, Published Sep 08, 2016.  http://civileats.com/2016/09/08/how-food-helps-homeless-people-get-back-on-their-feet-doe-foundation/

Urban Renewal:  ‘The Pittsburgh Gazette is now Posting Its Archives on Tumblr,” Pittsburgh History Journal, Sept 13, 2012. http://thepittsburghhistoryjournal.com/post/31459596242/the-pittsburgh-post-gazette-is-now-posting-its

You Are Welcome Here:  “These Park Benches Welcome the Homeless Instead of Rejecting Them,” FastCompany, Published July 07, 2014. https://www.fastcoexist.com/3032631/these-park-benches-welcome-the-homeless-instead-of-rejecting-them

ADDITIONAL RESOURCES